Influence of photobiomodulation therapy on root development of rat molars with open apex and pulp necrosis

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the role of photobiomodulation (PBM) in apexification and apexogenesis of necrotic rat molars with an open apex. Rat molars were exposed to the oral environment for 3 weeks. Canals were rinsed with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, filled with antibiotic paste and sealed. After 7 days, canals were rinsed and divided into six groups (n=6): mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); blood clot (BC); human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC); MTA+PBM; BC+PBM; and hDPSC+PBM. In hDPSC groups, a 1% agarose gel scaffold was used. Two groups were not exposed: healthy tooth+PBM (n = 6), healthy tooth (n = 3); and one was exposed throughout the experiment: necrotic tooth (n = 3). In PBM groups, irradiation was performed with aluminum gallium indium phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser for 30 days within 24-h intervals. After that, the specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Necrotic tooth showed greater neutrophil infiltrate (p < 0.05). Necrotic tooth, healthy tooth, and healthy tooth+PBM groups showed absence of a thin layer of fibrous condensation in the periapical area. All the other groups stimulated the formation of a thicker layer of fibers (p < 0.05). All groups formed more mineralized tissue than necrotic tooth (p < 0.05). PBM associated with MTA, BC, or hDPSC formed more mineralized tissue (p < 0.05). MTA+PBM induced apexification (p < 0.05). Rabbit polyclonal anti-bone sialoprotein (BSP) antibody confirmed the histological findings of mineralized tissue formation, and hDPSC groups exhibited higher percentage of BSP-positive cells. It can be concluded that PBM improved apexification and favored apexogenesis in necrotic rat molars with an open apex.

Shaping ability of rotatory or reciprocating instruments in curved canals: a micro-computed tomographic study

Abstract This study aimed to compare apical transportation, centering ratio, and working time during root canal preparation with Wizard Navigator (WN), WaveOne (WO), or ProTaper Universal (PT) and to describe deformation and fracture of these instruments. Thirty-six mesiobuccal roots from maxillary molars were micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanned and then sorted into three groups (n = 12): Wizard Navigator (WN), WaveOne (WO), and ProTaper Universal (PT). The root canals were prepared using WN, WO, or PT; the time of each canal preparation was timed; and the specimens were micro-CT re-scanned. The instruments were submitted to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after their use. The data on canal transportation at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm and preparation time were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test. The centering ratio was analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test. Both instrument deformation and fracture were described. Apical transportation was similar among groups at 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm. The WO group showed higher canal transportation at 5mm than the other groups (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in centering ratio among the groups. Preparation time in the WO group was significantly lower than in the other groups (p = 0.004). Small differences were observed in the surface area of all instruments. The WN, WO, and PT groups had a similar centering ratio without procedural errors or significant structural changes. At 5 mm from the apex, the WO group showed the largest canal transportation toward the furcation and root canal preparation was faster than in the WN and PT groups.

Tratamento de uma perfuração complexa de furca: relato de caso / Treatment of a large furcal perforation: Case Report

Introdução: Comunicações endo-periodontais podem ocorrer a partir de reabsorções, cárie ou eventos iatrogênicos durante o tratamento endodôntico. Perfurações de furca podem ter um impacto negativo no prognóstico por comprometer o aparelho de fixação. Este estudo relata o tratamento de perfuração de furca do primeiro molar inferior direito (46) resultando na manutenção de dente severamente comprometido. Relato do caso: Clinicamente o paciente apresentava fístula ativa, tecido de granulação na área da perfuração e ausência de mobilidade patológica. Na radiografia inicial foi observada área radiolúcida extensa na região de furca e o tratamento endodôntico previamente realizado apresentava-se dentro das condições de normalidade. Através das inspeções visual e radiográfica foi diagnosticada a perfuração complexa de furca. O tratamento foi realizado com MTA branco e o paciente foi proservado. Após um ano de acompanhamento, observaram-se condições de normalidade, após reabilitação protética, sugestiva de saúde, bem como, um quadro clínico revelando o restabelecimento da saúde periodontal. Conclusão: O tamanho da perfuração levaria a um prognóstico sombrio, porém nesta situação de paciente jovem e perfuração severa, torna-se muito importante a adoção de procedimento mais conservador para manutenção do elemento dental

Introduction: Endo-periodontal communications can happens from reabsorption, carie or iatrogenic during endodontic treatment. Furcation perforation may have a negative impact on prognosis because compromising the periodontal attachment. The aim of this study was to report the treatment of furcation perforation of right mandibular first molar (46) resulting in the maintenance of teeth severely compromised. Case Report: Clinically, the patient had active fistula, granulation tissue in the area of drilling and absence of pathological mobility. In the initial radiographic was observed extensive radiolucent area in the furcation area and a previo endodontic treatment in conditions of normality. Through visual and radiographic inspection was diagnosed drilling large furcation perforation. The treatment was performed with white MTA and the case was followed. After a year of monitoring, observed normality conditions, after prosthetic restoration, suggestive of health, as well as, a clinical situation revealing the restoration of periodontal health. Conclusion: The perforation size would lead to a poor prognosis, but in this situation the young patient and severe drilling, it becomes very important to adopt more conservative procedure for maintenance of the dental element. as well as a clinical revealing the restoration of periodontal health.

Enxerto de conjuntivo em implantes imediatos na região anterior / Connective graft in immediate implants in the anterior region - literature review

A evolução da Implantodontia está relacionada com o restabelecimento dos aspectos funcionais e estéticos dos pacientes que apresentam ausências dentárias, principalmente em regiões anteriores superiores. A devolução ou preservação da estética dos pacientes reabilitados com implantes dentários têm permitido o emprego de novas abordagens cirúrgicas, e a sua avaliação ajuda a determinar o comportamento dos tecidos peri-implantares. Desta forma, este artigo teve o objetivo de apresentar uma revisão de literatura referente ao uso do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo, associado a implantes imediatos na região estética, e discutir suas indicações e previsibilidade. De acordo com os estudos analisados, sugere-se que o uso de implantes imediatos em região anterior, associado à colocação do enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial, pode melhorar o aspecto estético da região anterior superior. Desta forma, esta pode ser uma opção de tratamento para reabilitação daqueles casos em que a função e a estética devem ser priorizadas.

Previsibilidade do recobrimento radicular de recessão gengival classe III de Miller – uma revisão de literatura / Predictability of root coverage of Miller Class III gingival recessions- Review of the literature

As recessões gengivais têm sido consideradas um dos principais objetivos da terapia cirúrgica periodontal com a intenção de atingir a cobertura completa da raiz. Diversas modalidades de tratamento têm sido desenvolvidas, mas poucas técnicas podem obter a cobertura total da raiz em uma recessão gengival classe III de Miller. A solução para o recobrimento de superfícies radiculares expostas a este nível envolve a realização de um procedimento cirúrgico bem executado e por um grau de previsibilidade ainda mais crítico. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, a previsibilidade e taxas de recobrimento radicular em recessões gengivais Classe III. Os resultados dos estudos mais recentes revelaram que as taxas de sucesso de recobrimento radicular têm aumentado, próximo a 80%, semelhante às técnicas para recessões Classes I e II. Apesar dos poucos estudos disponíveis, tem havido uma modificação na indicação dos procedimentos de recobrimento radicular, modifcação da previsibilidade da sua utilização e melhora dos resultados alcançados. Torna-se uma abordagem disponível ao tratamento das recessões gengivais com perda de inserção interdental

Gingival recessions have been considered one of the main goals of periodontal surgical therapy in attempt to achieve full root coverage. Several treatment modalities have been developed, but few techniques can achieve full root coverage in a Miller class III gingival recession. The solution for the covering of exposed root surfaces at this level involves a well performed surgical procedure and a predictability even more critical. According to this, the aim of this paper was to evaluate, through a literature review, the predictability and rates for root coverage in Miller Class III gingival recessions. The results of recent studies have shown that the success rate has increased root coverage percentage, close to 80%, similar to techniques for Classes I and II gingival recessions. Despite the few studies available, there has been a change in the indication for root coverage procedures as well as the predictability of its use and the results achieved have increased. It becomes an available approach for the treatment of gingival recessions with interdental attachment loss